# Mobile Modem

## Mobile Status <a href="#mobile-status" id="mobile-status"></a>

Access the router, go to `Network` > `Interfaces`. You can find the `Mobile` interface, which corresponds to the cellular modem. Once the 4G router, the mobile interface automatically connects to a cellular network via the default `QMI protocol`.

After successfully setting up a mobile internet connection, you can find the information below on the status of both `Mobile` and `Mobile_4` interfaces.

* `Rx/Tx` indicates the real-time data stream. They are not the internet speed rate.
* `IPv4` address is the IP address obtained from the mobile carrier.
  * The IP address shows on the `Mobile` interface while using the `PPP protocol`.
* `SIM` shows the current working SIM card, `Primary SIM1`, or `Secondary SIM2`.
* `QMI` Indicates the mobile operator, mobile network, and signal strength (the unit is *dBm*).&#x20;

You can manually `Stop` use the Mobile interface to disable the mobile connection. If required to `Restart` the mobile modem, please **re-connect with the PoE adapter** to force the cellular modem to run a fresh restart.&#x20;

<figure><img src="https://1340417500-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-LvFoPQjE_9d9UfSmbIn%2F-LwvKQObE7hglfs55jsF%2F-LwvMzPXeCJVHou31BJ6%2FEV3104_4.3-Interface-Mobile-Status.jpg?alt=media&#x26;token=3bca76ae-dc7c-4a94-a605-a3574f39c3b0" alt=""><figcaption><p>Mobile Interface Status</p></figcaption></figure>

## APN Settings <a href="#apn-settings" id="apn-settings"></a>

**APN**, short for Access Point Name, is the mobile network gateway. Generally, the 4G router can use the default APN parameters prebuilt in the cellular modem to set up a connection.

Some mobile carriers use different APN parameters for the various data plans. You can configure the APN settings on the mobile interface to adapt them to mobile carriers' networks.

1. Access the router, go to `Network` > `Interface`. Click the `Edit` button on the row of `Mobile`.<br>
2. In the tab `General Setup` \
   \
   `Protocol`: Keep the default `QMI Cellular` unless you need to switch to [`4G-PPP`](#4g-ppp-protocol)\
   `Modem device`: Use the default `/dev/cdc-wdm0`\
   `Active SIM Card`: Switch between the `Primary SIM1` and `Secondary SIM2` \
   \
   \&#xNAN;**`APN`**: Input the mobile carrier's APN gateway address\
   `PIN`: PIN code of SIM card *\*Usually non-required.*\
   `PAP/CHAP`` `**`username`**: The username of the APN gateway\
   `PAP/CHAP`` `**`password`**: The password of the APN gateway\
   `Authentication Type`: The authentication type. *\*Usually use PAP.*<br>
3. Click `Save & Apply` button on the bottom right corner to apply the new APN parameters. <br>
4. Back to `Network` > `Interfaces`Wait 1-2 minutes until the mobile modem reconnects to the mobile network, then check the updated status of the mobile interface.&#x20;

### Example of APN Parameters

Below are examples of APN parameters. You can contact the mobile carrier's customer service to acquire the specific APN parameters of your data plan.

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="United Kingdom" %}
Here are the internet APN settings for some UK mobile phone operators.

| Carrier          | APN Gateway                      | Username   | Password   | Authentication |
| ---------------- | -------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------- | -------------- |
| **GiffGaff**     | giffgaff.com                     | giffgaff   | password   | PAP            |
| **O2**           | o2.co.uk                         | o2web      | password   | PAP            |
| **Tesco Mobile** | prepay.tesco-mobile.com          | tescowap   | password   | PAP            |
| **3 Three**      | three.co.uk                      | \<Not set> | \<Not set> | PAP            |
| **Virgin**       | goto.virginmobile.uk             | user       | \<Not set> | PAP            |
| **EE**           | everywhere                       | eesecure   | secure     | PAP            |
| **Vodafone**     | internet (or) wap.vodafone.co.uk | wap        | wap        | PAP            |
| {% endtab %}     |                                  |            |            |                |

{% tab title="United States" %}
Here are the internet APN settings for some USA mobile phone operators.

| Carrier       | APN Gateway         | Username   | Password   | Authentication |
| ------------- | ------------------- | ---------- | ---------- | -------------- |
| **AT\&T**     | broadband           | \<Not set> | \<Not set> | PAP            |
| **T-Mobile**  | fast.t-mobile.com   | \<Not set> | \<Not set> | PAP            |
| **Sprint**    | cinet.spcs          | \<Not set> | \<Not set> | PAP            |
| **Verizon**   | vzwinternet         | \<Not set> | \<Not set> | PAP            |
| **Twilio**    | wireless.twilio.com | \<Not set> | \<Not set> | PAP            |
| {% endtab %}  |                     |            |            |                |
| {% endtabs %} |                     |            |            |                |

{% hint style="info" %}
When used in some remote areas or using virtual carriers, the **Vodafone** and **EE** SIM cards might require the use of the [`4G-PPP`](#4g-ppp-protocol) protocol.&#x20;
{% endhint %}

## &#x20;<a href="#mobile-protocols" id="mobile-protocols"></a>

## Mobile Protocols <a href="#mobile-protocols" id="mobile-protocols"></a>

Two different mobile protocols are built into the 4G router. The default mobile protocol is `QMI cellular`.&#x20;

### **QMI-Cellular Protocol**

**QMI**, *Qualcomm MSM Interface*, is a proprietary protocol that offers more accessible and faster connections to mobile networks.

Due to the difference in the modem chipsets, the different mobile modems might use different QMI proxies. For example, Sierra modems  `QMI_WWAN proxy` and Quectel modems use the `GobiNet proxy`. These proxies are using the same QMI protocol and provide similar working performance.

The primary difference between them is `GobiNet` using kernel-space while `qmi_wwan` uses user-space. And in `qmi_wwan`, only one process can handle the control port at a given time, while the `GobiNet` proxy allows multiple processes to access the device concurrently.

### **4G-PPP Protocol**

**PPP**, *Point-to-Point Protocol*, is a traditional data link layer communications protocol. PPP protocol has been widely used and is the most flexible for device interoperability.

Some mobile carriers might not support the QMI protocol to connect to their mobile networks. So, we need to change the mobile protocol from the default `QMI Cellular` protocol to the `4G-PPP` protocol.

### Switch to PPP Protocol

Under `Common Configuration` > `General Setup` of the Mobile interface, choose `4G-PPP` on the dropdown menu of `Protocol`. Then click the confirm button `Switch protocol`. It will jump to the 4G-PPP protocol setup page.

Comparing with the `QMI cellular` protocol, the `4G-PPP` protocol has two extra configuration fields, `Service type` and `Dial number`. The other parameters, including APN / PIN / Username / Password, are the same configuration operations as the QMI cellular protocol.

* `Mobile device`: Choose `/dev/ttyUSB2`
* `Service type`: Due to differences in mobile network standards, choose the services as below:
  * `UMTS/GRPS` for the UK / European / Australian versions
  * `CDMA/EV-DO` for the American versions
* `Dial number`: Use `*99#` or default `*99***1#`

Click `Save & Apply` button on the bottom right corner to apply the new APN parameters. Then back to `Network` > `Interfaces`Wait 1-2 minutes until the mobile modem reconnects to the mobile network.&#x20;

**Demo Video Tutorial ▶️**\
<https://youtu.be/6ev38txYjhM>

## Switch SIM Cards <a href="#switch-sim-cards" id="switch-sim-cards"></a>

The 4G router has only one mobile modem inside. Only one of the SIM cards can connect to the mobile network at the same time. The mobile modem connects to the primary SIM1 sim card by default.&#x20;

### Manually Switch SIM

After accessing the router, go to `Network` > `Interface`. Click the `Edit` button on the row of `Mobile`. In the tab of `General Setup`, you can choose the `Active SIM card`.

<figure><img src="https://1340417500-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-LvFoPQjE_9d9UfSmbIn%2F-MCGNOXZRjDzsCMtElR3%2F-MCGPpHZCOFHO0sFkuvU%2FSwitch-SIM-Cards-Manually-Auto.png?alt=media&#x26;token=fc6a2fe9-6be2-454e-b33c-12f518f76741" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Auto Switch SIM

To turn on the auto-switching function, please enable the checkbox of `Auto Switch SIM card`, then click the `Save & Apply` button on the bottom right corner.

When the active SIM card is offline, the modem automatically switches to the alternative SIM card.

{% hint style="info" %}
The `auto switch SIM card` the function conflicts with the `Network > Load Balancing` module. Please disable the load balancing before turning on the auto-switching function on the SIM cards.
{% endhint %}


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